Hello,
Please refer these suggestions:
- Run Power troubleshooter from Settings app > Update & security > Troubleshoot > Additional troubleshooters.
- Open Device Manager (run devmgmt.msc command), try uninstalling your display adapter and then click Action > Scan for hardware changes.
- Update your display driver to latest version.
You can refer this fix for additional suggestions:
https://www.kapilarya.com/fix-cant-change-screen-brightness-in-windows-10
Let us know if this helps!
Note: Included link in this reply refers to blog post by a trusted Microsoft MVP.