From Common Windows Update errors - Windows Client | Microsoft Learn
| Message | Description | Mitigation |
|---|---|---|
| WU_E_PT_ECP_SUCCEEDED_WITH_ERRORS | External .cab file processing completed with some errors | This error can be caused by the Lightspeed Rocket for web filtering software. <br>Add the IP addresses of devices you want to get updates to the exceptions list of Lightspeed Rocket. |
It looks like a Firewall/Web filter/VPN/Proxy server or DNS issue. Try uninstalling the third-party firewall/turn off your VPN/Proxy settings. If that doesn't help, try switching to Google Public DNS. How to Switch to OpenDNS or Google DNS
Edit:
Also, many users have indicated that turning off the "Receive updates for other Microsoft products..." setting in Windows Update → Advanced Options page resolved the issue.