Roman -
You can try everything here to fix OneDrive:
https://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/for...
It still looks strange in your Explorer that OneDrive created an account, are you sure that isn't your work account that was removed?
If it's still not working it may be due to account corruption. Test for account corruption by creating a new Local Admin account in Settings > Accounts > Family & Other People > Other, as shown here:
https://www.isumsoft.com/windows-10/3-ways-to-c...
Sign into the new account, test if the problem persists, if not then move your files over,Move your files over via C:\Users.
Apps are installed to all Users so they should be no problem.
You can change the new account to your Microsoft account if desired in Settings > Accounts > Your Info > Sign in with a Microsoft Account Instead.
https://www.tenforums.com/tutorials/5375-switch...
Then you'll have a new OneDrive user folder in the new account that you can sign into and set up fresh following https://www.windowscentral.com/how-get-started-...
Here is how to manage separately work and personal accounts:
https://www.onmsft.com/how-to/how-to-manage-per...
Here is how to manage Onedrive for work and personal in the same account:
https://support.office.com/en-us/article/how-do...
Feel free to ask back any questions. Based on the detailed results you post back, I will have other suggestions if necessary.
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