Hi Justin Chang1,
Welcome to post in Microsoft Community. I'm Mosken, let me help you figure it out.
According to your description, I knew that after spilled a little bit of water on your laptop, your system keeps popping up with USB device recognition errors and Device Manager keeps refreshing, even after you've confirmed that your USB ports can transfer data normally. Is that right?
First, according to your description and the information shown in the video, I suggest you try to enter Safe mode to see if it works normally. Because Safe Mode enables a minimum number of additional services or apps to rule out issues caused by personalized settings and third-party apps.
On the desktop click "Start" > "Settings" > "Update & Security" > "Recovery", under "Advanced startup", select "Restart now", after restarts to the "Choose an option" screen , select "Troubleshoot" > "Advanced options" > "Startup Settings" > "Restart", after restarts, you'll see a list of options. Select 4 or press F4 to start your PC in Safe Mode. Or if you'll need to use the internet, select 5 or press F5 for Safe Mode with Networking.
You can click Start your PC in safe mode in Windows (microsoft.com) to view the specific operation steps.
In addition, according to the current situation, it is likely to be a hardware problem. Even if the USB port can transmit data, it cannot be ruled out that the current phenomenon is caused by unstable voltage or other damages associated with the USB interface.
For the case of continuous refresh in the device manager, it is inferred that the line connection of a device is not very strong or the voltage is unstable. Therefore, it is recommended that you seek after-sales technical support from your equipment manufacturer to help you detect the hardware.
In addition, you can visit **** "USB Device not recognized" error - Windows Server | Microsoft Docs to get more information about your error.
Hope your problem can be solved soon!
The above steps are provided based on the information I have learned so far, I wish that will be helpful to you. If your problem still cannot be solved by these steps, you could tell me the specific situation in the next reply. I will continue to assist you in solving the problem.
Best Regards,
Mosken- MSFT | Microsoft Community Support Specialist