@Pawels Thanks for posting in our Q&A.
For our issue, I have done lots of research. It seems that this is a known issue, it usually happens after a startup/reboot of the client. We can try to run check access in company portal to fix this temporarily.
In order to double confirm, it is better to create an online support ticket to handle this issue. It is free. Here is the online support link and hope it will be resolved as soon as possible.
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/mem/intune/fundamentals/get-support
Thanks for your understanding.
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