Hello @Brad Vest ,
Welcome to Microsoft Q&A Platform. Thank you for reaching out & hope you are doing well.
Yes, it is a product limitation to not be able to create a public and private listener on the same port.
Please refer : https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/application-gateway/application-gateway-faq#can-i-use-the-same-port-for-both-public-facing-and-private-facing-listeners
If you wish you may vote in the below forums requesting this feature. All the feedback shared in these forums are monitored and reviewed by the Microsoft engineering teams responsible for building Azure.
https://feedback.azure.com/forums/217313-networking/suggestions/34687048-azure-appgateway-same-port-cant-be-used-on-both-pr
https://feedback.azure.com/forums/217313-networking/suggestions/39166876-allow-public-and-private-ip-to-have-its-own-listen
Kindly let us know if the above helps or you need further assistance on this issue.
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When will this feature be released?