Using older versions of Outlook for Mac in business environments
Hello ! I'm hopeful that I will be able to help you find a satisfactory solution.
Once your account have 2 step verification on and you no longer have access to your phone where you have the authenticator app, I'm sorry there's nothing else you can do.
All I would advise is for you to create a new account and move on.
I'm sorry for any inconveniences this might have caused you.
Thanks
Nelson...