Configuring preferences and options in Outlook.com
I absolutely agree with the OP. Saying "one can easily check the true email address" is an incomprehensibly bad security attitude. The entire point is that busy, stressed people in a company won't always spot this, and it only takes one slip. A security policy that relies on human users being infallible is bafflingly inappropriate.
It's a really poor showing that Microsoft does not offer an option to disable that pointless 'friendly name' feature. It was a bad idea in the first place, and it's a terrible feature in the 21st century landscape of constant cyber-attacks.
Microsoft should be setting a lead and disabling this feature by default. The disadvantages massively outweigh the benefits. The OP hit the nail on the head. I will be adding this as a feature request. I encourage others reading this with the same issue to do the same. It's just a bit embarrassing and rather telling if that's the only way to effect such a long-overdue commonsense change.