Using New Outlook on Windows for professional communication and productivity
Unless the phone number was s up as an "alais" which is not the case for most people, you wouldn't be able to use that to log in.
Where you go from here?
Unfortunately there is only one way to recover an email account and that is via the Microsoft Account Recovery form and if that fails after repeated attempts (up to 2 times a day), the account is effectively lost. There is no way to recover an account any other way. The form only applies if 2 factor authentication has <NOT> been enabled
In case this helps
Help with the Microsoft account recovery form https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/account-billing/help-with-the-microsoft-account-recovery-form-b19c02d1-a782-dee6-93c3-dc8113b20c42
If using the Account Recovery form is not successful, then
Account recovery unsuccessful https://support.microsoft.com/account-billing/account-recovery-unsuccessful-dc56c3e3-dff0-4ed5-8edb-60290eea6b53
If that still proves to be unsuccessful, the account is unfortunately, effectively lost. There are no alternate procedures that anyone in the forum can provide - sorry. Cannot provide a solution that does not exist,
As for asking "so many questions" - that's what we're here for so ask any questions that come to mind. Just can't promise that I'll be able to proiide a "happy answer".