Dear MaicaDQ
Thanks for your post in Microsoft Community.
I'm really sorry to hear that you've been locked out of your account and now you can't unlock it even if you remember the correct password. This situation is really frustrating, especially when you need to access those account urgently.
Understand why your account is locked
Account has been locked - Microsoft Support
If you have not violated any of Microsoft's terms of service, it may be related to the abnormality of your IP address.
Generally, the error message when trying another verification method is because Microsoft detects that your IP address is abnormal. We strongly agree with all the troubleshooting solutions you have taken after this problem occurs, but using a network proxy in this case will aggravate the impact.
Since you mentioned that your account was locked due to security issues, it is possible that Microsoft has detected unusual activity in your account, such as login attempts from unfamiliar locations, so your security verification method has also been marked by Microsoft. Therefore, it is recommended that you try changing to a new security verification method.
If you have only added one security message before, to replace it, you will need to wait for 30 days of pending.
Troubleshooting verification code issues - Microsoft Support
When all security info is removed from a Microsoft account, the account is put into a restricted state for 30-days.
While we understand this 30-day period might be frustrating, this is done to protect and alert you in case the security info was removed by someone who had unauthorized access to your account.
We'll send notifications during the 30-days to the original security info, which could be a phone number or email address. These notifications are sent to alert you that changes were made to your security info.
As the account issue involves your personal privacy, as a public forum, in order to protect your privacy, if the above information does not help you, it is recommended that you contact Microsoft Online Technical Support by clicking the link below.
I understand your concerns and hope you can solve this problem smoothly!
Best Regards
Clara G| Microsoft Community Support Specialist