Firstly, Simply clicked "Pause updates for 7 days" and then "Resume updates", it reinstalled the same update, check the result.
Besides, You could update Windows Defender directly, from Windows Security -> Virus & threat protection -> Virus & threat protection updates -> Check for updates. Next, Windows Defender will update itself.
Also, you could go to the following website, Manually download the latest update on Microsoft Defender Antivirus for Windows 10 and Windows 8.1 and install.
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/wdsi/defenderupdates
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