@张东华 Welcome to Microsoft Q & A Community Forum. Its a known issue that when restricting network access to storage account , you will not be able to access it using Azure Automation as Automation service isn't part of trusted services registered within Azure subscription.
In order to achieve your requirement, I would suggest you to use Hybrid Worker to execute the runbook so that you can restrict the access to the storage account.
I also would recommend you to navigate here and share your feedback or suggestions directly with the responsible Azure feature team and clicking the vote button of your suggestion to raise visibility and priority on it.