A family of Microsoft products that enable users to capture, organize, and reuse notes electronically.
The issue was being signed into two Live ID accounts. Creating a new notebook displayed the issue by placing it in the second Live ID SkyDrive not the account that was having the notebook sync issue.
By removing the second Live ID from the credential manager and restarting, I was able to sync my notebook again.
While not the same exact error, this post put me on the right track.