A family of Microsoft relational database management systems designed for ease of use.
I am unable to reproduce this.
Perhaps of other database window when you load is not maximized?
Eg with the window sized larger, we see the options like:

But, if you make the access window smaller, then options start to collapse, and we get:

And, if you make access really small, then ALL of the ribbon beomces a dropdown like this shot:

And, of course if you open up a accDE, then the options are grayed out. And, opening a accDR, that again hides those options.
I would try creating a blank database, and see what that gives. You could also try re-setting the ribbon customizations, but since this works in some, and not others, I at a loss as to what is going on here. I hope you do follow up if you solve this.
Albert D. Kallal (Access MVP)
Edmonton, Alberta Canada