A family of Microsoft spreadsheet software with tools for analyzing, charting, and communicating data.
I got an answer to the first part of the problem on http://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/excel/threads from Learning and Learning, and finally figured out the answer to the second part myself.
The cause of disappearing columns was this, maybe it is of interest also for other people: Some of the column headers had a redundant trailing space. When the pivot table was built Excel put these headers into the field list trimmed, but when datasource was changed to another range with the same headers with redundant trailing spaces Excel tried to match the trimmed field names and the untrimmed headers, found they are different and removed pivot table columns. Trimming headers before changing datasource resolved the problem.
Stefi