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... Therefore the Vlookup table placing them in order: Team D, A, B, C, E
Using SMALL() to sort the Position, then two INDEX(MATCH()) array formulas to retrieve the Team and Points will produce the results you are looking for. The array formulas formulas are necessary to compensate for duplicate Position numbers.
The standard formula in E3 is,
=SMALL($A$3:$A$7,ROWS($1:1))
... and the array formula in F3 is,
=INDEX(B$3:B$99,SMALL(IF($A$3:$A$99=$E3,ROW($A$3:$A$99)-ROW(E$3)+1),COUNTIF($E$3:$E3,$E3)))
... which requires Ctrl+Shift+Enter↵ rather than simply Enter↵. Once entered correctly, it can be filled right to G3 then E3:G3 can be filled down as necessary to catch all values from the unsorted table data.
I've uploaded that sample worksheet to my SkyDrive here for your reference.
| INDEX function |
|---|
| SMALL function |
| IF function |
| ROW function |
| ROWS function |
| COUNTIF function |