A family of Microsoft word processing software products for creating web, email, and print documents.
No, automatic TOC is one of many features not supported in Publishing Layout documents.
It could be done but it would require switching between Pub Layout & either Print Layout or Draft view. Also, it most likely would involve VBA support. Based on your comment regarding 'propriety' I doubt there is a feasible suggestion that would provide an acceptable solution.
IMO, Pub Layout view is a cosmetic mode intended to make it easier to create flyers, brochures, short newsletters, etc. It doesn't lend itself to longer or more complex documents.