A family of Microsoft presentation graphics products that offer tools for creating presentations and adding graphic effects like multimedia objects and special effects with text.
The most obvious problem is that you're comparing a 3000 pixel wide image to a 1020-pixel wide movie; the movie has roughly 1/3 the resolution of the original image in PPT, so you'd have to expect at least some degradation.
But not as much as you're seeing here (and thanks for the detailed info and links to screen grabs ... it really helps).
Movies are highly compressed. One trick to compressing graphics is to reduce the color depth, which PPT will sometimes do when it exports an image. This can lead to "The rats chewed on my text" and other similar symptoms.
Rather than letting PPT downsample the image as it makes the movie, try downsampling it in Photoshop to 1020 then inserting the downsampled image into PPT. I'd also save as PNG rather than JPG.