I have the a similar problem, except in the example given it only happens if I multiply by 33%, rather than 0.333.
I can add that if I change the currency symbol from (my usual) British pound to US dollar, the problem goes away.
If I change the formula to subtract the fractional part (set it to zero) then it also doesn't change the formatting. (In other words if the formula is "=A2*33%-0.33" then the format doesn't change. Remove the the "-0.33" and it does.)
Edited to add: I tested OPs example in an unused part of an open sheet, and was able to reproduce once I substituted 33% for 0.333. I have now tested in a blank sheet and can't reproduce.
Edit 2: I found this which appears to be the same problem:-
http://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/office/forum/office\_2010-excel/excel-2010-ignores-decimal-places-setting-when/ff1e0bc0-2a55-4f4e-9e1f-712cad2eefd4
Also, I have now managed to reproduce in a blank sheet, using Excel 2016.
- Type number "133" in A1 and formula "=A1*33%" in B1
- Format both as currency with 0 places
- Press F2 in B1 and enter to save, it converts to two places.
The problem only happens if both numbers are the same currency, and it appears to happen for any currency. If either number is changed to a different currency the problem doesn't happen. If no currency symbol is used, it doesn't happen. (The format changes
to not be currency in that case.)