Hi Kathrin,
Please make sure your desktop Office apps have installed the latest update. Here are the steps: Open Excel > File > Account > Product Information > Update Options > Update Now.
Besides, you can try to repair the corrupted Excel files after clicked update button. Here are the steps: Open Excel > File > Open > Browse > select the problematic Excel file > click the dropdown arrow in the "Open" button > select "Open and repair". Please refer to: Repair a corrupted workbook.
If the issue persists, please let us know the following information so we can assist you further:
- The screenshot of the error message Excel (1004).
- The detailed steps you create the macro, update the dropdown list, store as a separate document in SharePoint and download to the temporary folder. Some screenshots would help us better understand the scenario so we can reproduce the issue.
- The SharePoint service you are using. SharePoint Online or On-premise SharePoint.
Regards,
Jared