A family of Microsoft relational database management systems designed for ease of use.
Access tables can (and should be!) indexed and optimized for performance. Excel spreadsheets cannot. Excel is NOT the same as Access, and doesn't work the same! Working on a single computer can (it appears) be fast enough to overcome the disadvantage, but moving the data across a network, updating cells in a second computer from your computer, and (worst) sharing a single instance of Excel between different users is another story.
What's the source of the data in the sheets? Would it be possible to make a (properly designed and optimized!) Access database the primary data repository and either link to it from Excel, or periodically export the data to Excel if spreadsheet operations are needed?