2nd report, maybe final.
Conclusion: I couldn't find the cause.
Remedy: Fresh re-install Windows, but I think it's not cost-effective.
To fresh install, you need an iso file.
Download the iso file to C: drive, right-click it and select "Mount", double-click the setup.exe.
There are three options when fresh install:
(A) with old data and programs
(B) with old data
(C) with nothing
The headset worked in (B) and (C), not in (A).
In (A), Windows is mostly intact, but Firefox was removed, and the default language was changed from English to German somehow.
In (B), start menu had many holes.
In (B) and (C), when the headset connected, in the registry, there appeared some entries in
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\MMDevices\Audio\Render]
These entries do not appear in (A) and my current environment.
I tried to uninstall many programs but in vain.