Given that it works with tinyurl and not your custom service I would focus on what is difference between these two services. When i test with test-cors and tinyurl I can see a cors http header in the response: access-control-allow-origin: http://test-cors.org. Your storage account config looks as permissive as it can get and if that tests okay from test-cors when you use the storage url directly i would be looking elsewhere.
Tim