There is no option to turn keyboard shortcuts on or off. Each is individually set and there are hundreds of them! You can disable them one at a time.
The dialog for this is hidden under File > Options > Customize the Ribbon > Customize (Button). See screenshot.
You would want to save this work in a separate document that you can save as a .dotx template and put in your Word Startup folder. That way your work is easily transferred to a different computer.
http://addbalance.com/word/startup.htm
This link is to a page on my website. It is safe. I am providing it because I think it contains information that will help you. However, as an Independent Advisor I am required to add the following when posting here with a link to any non-Microsoft site:
Note: This is a non-Microsoft website. The page appears to be providing accurate, safe information. Watch out for ads on the site that may advertise products frequently classified as a PUP (Potentially Unwanted Products). Thoroughly research any product advertised on the site before you decide to download and install it.
I'm sure that you are not the first person to want this, although you are the first that I've seen. You can request the ability to quickly turn off use of keyboard shortcuts using the feedback mechanism under File or using UserVoice, or both.