A family of Microsoft relational database management systems designed for ease of use.
That is a "relationship" you're seeing in that relationships window and has nothing to do with Linked Tables. Linked Tables are external table (stored in a separate database) which you'd "linked" into your database. If you don't show the link (the blue arrow), then you don't have linked tables, and you should be able to find the validation rule in either the table or form.
Here's more information on validation rules: