Hey,
what type of data validations are you expecting ? Data types or some data level scenarios?
Based on my understanding there is no automated way in ADF for major cases of data validations.
You would have to build your own part like custom logics etc as per your expectations.
One such example is :
You can use the open source tool: Great expectations and call it via Azure functions or Batch job or databricks via ADF. The below link should help :