Dear Tom,
Welcome to the forum here.
There may be no direct way exporting the attachments' links to an Excel file by using the Export to Excel option. As a workaround, you can create a multiple-line column to save all links URL of the list attachments and create a flow as follows to get the links in the list and then use the Export to Excel option to get the links' URL in the Excel file.
Best Regards,
Cliff