Hi @David Reisinger
You could apply the below formula via List settings> Validation settings> Formula to meet your need:
=IF(AND([completed date]-[start date]<0,status="completed"),FALSE,TRUE)
Then if [Status] = Completed, if [Completed date] is blank, or its value< [Start date], you will be not able to save the item and an error message will appear. You can set the User Message in the above Validation Settings page to customize the error message.
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