Hi Corey Wick,
Welcome to community.
I go through the post carefully. Since you mentioned "The data is still within the item when I click on it", is the situation that if you click on an item to view its details, you can still see the columns and the data you want? If so, the columns are not deleted, they may be hidden in the current list view.
(If I misunderstand the scenario, feel free to correct me. And please also share some screenshots to describe the situation on your side)
You may check if you can find the columns by editing current view, click the Switch view options button from upper-right corner of the list, as shown below, then click Edit current view.
It will open Edit View page, in the Columns section, check if you can find the columns you need, tick the checkbox in front of them and click OK from upper-right corner to save changes. Then check if you can see the columns in the list.
If the columns are deleted and you want to restore them, unfortunately it's not available to directly restore deleted columns in SharePoint list. There is no out of box way to do it. Thanks for your understanding.
If you had turned on versioning, you may select an item and check its version history by clicking the 3 dots next to it, select Version History. Try to find a version containing the data you need and restore it. Sorry to say that you need to restore version for each item. Thanks for your understanding.
Hope you have a nice day and stay safe.
Best Regards,
Tina