A group of Microsoft Products and technologies used for sharing and managing content, knowledge, and applications.
Hi,
Thanks for sharing back with the further troubleshooting status.
As engineers here focus on SharePoint Online and have limited experience or test resources on SharePoint Server, it is recommended to post a new thread in another related community where experts and community members there have more experiences on issue with Servers: office-sharepoint-server-itpro - Microsoft Q&A to get more ideas about this error message.
But if you want, you and your organization can also have a test with an uploaded file via SharePoint Online in browser and see if the similar issue will happen again. This may help to narrow down if the issue is more related with the Server side or the tenant background side.
Best Regards,
Mia