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Dear Daniel,
Thank you for posting in Microsoft Community. We are happy to help you.
Based on the description, you added a folder structure but it all shows up to every other page. Before moving forward, we need more detailed information about the situation you are experiencing.
The page you're referring to is the library page view or site page?
Based on the screen shot All Documents library view and DBX view it shows all the folder.
Kindly let us know if the page you're referring to is within the same Document Library.
Normally library will can be manage per column or folder structure, however all items (files and folders) in the library will be visible even if we created new library view.
If it is within the same Document Library, basically it is not duplicating the folders as the Library view is getting the items from the Document Library per user's view preference.
Related Article: Create, change, or delete a view of a list or library (microsoft.com).
We look forward to your response. Thanks for your cooperation. Stay safe and healthy always.
Sincerely,
Zee | Microsoft Community Moderator