Dear Allison Green
Good day! Thank you for posting in Microsoft Community. We are happy to help you.
Based on your description, it seems that OneDrive ask for verification with the Microsoft Authenticator App, and you can't set up the account on the authenticator app well.
In this scenario, the problem may be related to the MS Authentication app. Since the MS Authentication app is outside of our support boundaries. But we have a specific channel TechNet forum-Support for Microsoft Authentication App coping with MS Authentication app related issues and questions. For you to be assisted properly, please post your query in there for expert help. The supports engineers there have the correct escalation channel, and they are specialized in MS Authentication app. I am sure that our experts from that team can address your query effectively and accurately.
Thank you for your cooperation and understanding. Please do not hesitate to post your queries in Microsoft Community and we will always do our best to assist you.
Sincerely,
Stacey | Microsoft Community Moderator