For a Sunday, the WEEKDAY function by default returns 1, since Sunday is the first day of the week in the USA.
You can add a second argument if the week should start on another day; for example in the European Union, the week begins on Monday. Use WEEKDAY(date, 2) to return the day number taking Monday as the first day of the week.
The WEEKNUM function returns the number of the week within the year, again by default using the USA system of week numbering,
You can add a second argument for other systems.
Recent versions of Excel also have a function ISOWEEKNUM that returns the week number according to the ISO system in use in the European Union.
Excel does not have a built-in method to return the week number within the month. It is not difficult to create a formula for that, but you have to define how you want to count the week number within a month.
For example:
Week 1 starts on the 1st day of the month, week 2 on the 8th, week 3 on the 15th, etc.
or:
Week 1 starts on the 1st day of the month, week 2 on the first Sunday after that, etc.
or:
Week 1 starts on the 1st day of the month, week 2 on the first Monday after that, etc.
or:
Week 1 starts on the first Monday of the month; days before that belong to the last week of the previous month.
and so on...