Dear respected electrojim,
Good day! Thank you for posting to Microsoft Community. We are happy to help you.
As per your description, there is tow type of OneNote. One is called OneNote 365 application and the second is OneNote Windows 10 app.
As you mentioned, "when you right-click OneNote in the Start menu, but it only opens the Programs and features uninstall/repair page, and OneNote is not on the list." it seems that you are using OneNote 365 application (formally called OneNote 2016 app) on your Windows 10 machine. I'm sorry and I'm afraid, the OneNote 365 cannot be uninstalled separately/individually, it a part of all Office 365 application suck as Word, Excel etc.
However, OneNote Windows 10 app, can be uninstall because it installs from Microsoft store.
If you want to uninstall only app (OneNote 365 application0 on your Windows 10 machine, you may use the Office Deployment Tool to do that: For your reference: Exclude or remove Microsoft 365 Apps applications from client computers
Appreciate your patience and understanding and thank you for your time and cooperation.
Sincerely,
Waqas Muhammad