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Hi Sam. I am an Excel user like you.
I duplicated your issue by typing the dates in the way you show them. When those dates are typed in like that Excel does not recognize them as dates. Even if you change the cell formatting that will not change the fact that Excel views them as numbers stored as text, and as long as Excel views them that way the formulas cannot work with them.
You can check to see if Excel recognizes them as numbers/dates by changing the format of the cell to Number, or Currency, or Accounting and back to Date. If they do not change, then they are stored as text and the formulas will not work with them.
The dates must be entered in a format that Excel recognizes as a date like these formats.
3/7/2024
3/7/24
3-7-2024
3-7-24
Mar 7, 2024
Mar 7, 24
March 7, 2024
March 7, 24
The issue with the entries in your sample is that there is no comma, "/", or "-" to identify them as dates to Excel. Enter them in the easiest form because it doesn't matter how you enter them as long as Excel recognizes them you can format them however you want them to look.
After entering the dates, you can re-format them to look like the dates you have above if you want, but the initial entry must be in a recognized date format. To format them that way, after entering them to be recognized as dates, select all of the cells to be formatted and open the Format Cells dialogue>Number>Custom and enter this format in the Type line.
mmm dd yyyy
Other date formats are also available under Date in the Category list on the left of the dialogue box.
Once you have entered the dates as numbers your formulas will work.