A family of Microsoft relational database management systems designed for ease of use.
I would take a quick look at the data type you used in the SQL server table(s) that are having difficulty. In most cases, you want to use type "int" for the primary key column. So, while in Access, we can set a autonumber column as primary key, in SQL server, as George above pointed out?
You want
The column type = int
The column to be set as primary key
The column to have identity set = yes.
So, for the most part, all 3 of the above are to be set if you want Access to "correctly" see the PK column and have things work much the same if you were not using SQL server, but local Access table(s).
So, take a re-look at the example screen(s) posted above - they should help resolve this.