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Hi Jan,
According to your description, I would like to confirm if there is a conditional formula for the field in the list form. You can check the formula via New> Item> click the "Edit form" button in the upper right corner of the form> Edit columns> click the three dots of one column> Edit conditional formula.
If not, please point it out and let us know.
If so, for "but they don't see the newer fields/columns", I assume they don't see the corresponding fields in the New item form when the field data meets the condition. If so, I suggest you have the affected users open the InPrivate browser window to access the SharePoint list, and then check again.
For "It also says in the top right that there are 5 members while there are 7 when you click "members" it does show all 7.", it seems that these two users haven't been added to the site member group, but have Edit permission as site members. To verify this, I suggest you go to the site> Settings> Site permissions. You will see the Permissions pane. Please expand "Site members - limited control". Check if you can see the two users.
We look forward to your response. Thanks for your cooperation.
Sincerely,
George | Microsoft Community Moderator