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Dear Will valella
Good day! Thank you for posting to Microsoft Community. I am happy to help you.
I'm guessing it might be related to the on-premises environment, and since you've confirmed that other devices can access the SharePoint list normally, I'd like to ask you to try creating a new on-premises environment to see if that helps: Manage user accounts in Windows - Microsoft Support
I look forward to your reply. Thanks for your cooperation.
Sincerely,
Tin | Microsoft Community Moderator