I have assumed that your data is sorted by date, ascending.
This solution uses another column of formulas.
In C2, enter 1
In C3, enter the formula
=IF(A3=A2+1,C2,C2+1)
and copy down.
Then select all of column B (B2 to the bottom) and use Conditional formatting, New Rule, Use a formula to decide.... and the formula
=B2=MAXIFS(B:B,C:C,C2)
And choose you highlight color and press OK.
You can get a summary of the dates and their corresponding values in a table by using this Spill formula (which needs the third column of formulas):
=LET(d,HSTACK(FILTER(A:B,A:A<>""),VSTACK("Max",BYROW(VSTACK(1,LET(g,A3:A22=A2:A21+1,SCAN(1,g,LAMBDA(a,v,IF(v,a,a+1))))),LAMBDA(a,MAXIFS(B:B,C:C,a))))),VSTACK({"Date","Value"},DROP(FILTER(d,INDEX(d,,2)=INDEX(d,,3)),,-1)))