This is unfortunately a known issue with no solid fix at the moment. The best advice is to restart Windows or the Explorer process when the column vanishes. Monitor Windows and OneDrive updates for future fixes—Microsoft is aware, and a patch is likely forthcoming. Until then, patience is needed—the bug lies with the current Windows 11 architecture and OneDrive’s Explorer extension.
https://github.com/files-community/Files/issues/12183?utm_source=perplexity
Your screenshot is helpful and clearly shows what the "Status" column should look like when functioning properly. Keeping this as visual evidence is useful if escalating further to Microsoft support or forums.