A cloud-based service included in Microsoft 365, delivering scalable messaging and collaboration features with simplified management and automatic updates.
After you extend the schema, you need to reconfigure the sync tool. There's an option specifically for this scenario, as detailed for example here: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/identity/hybrid/connect/how-to-connect-installation-wizard#refresh-directory-schema
Doing so will ensure that the relevant rules are provisioned. One other thing to keep in mind is that the object itself must fall within the scope of the corresponding rule, which basically translates to having a non-null value for the alias/mailnickname attribute.