Hello, I’m Virginia a fellow windows user.
It sounds like there’s a rule or setting to hide read messages enabled. Are you using Outlook online, Outlook mail app or Outlook via Office?
Check to see if any message rules have been enabled which may have been set up.
If things were working correctly a few days ago but no longer then either something has updated & changed a setting or someone may have accessed your account & changed a setting. If you can sign in online check your account security & check for any unknown log ins.