Hold down Windows + R keys, type in mmsys.cpl and hit enter. Then go to the Recording tab. Do you see the Microphone? If so, please make sure it is not disable (you can right click to enable it). Also make sure it is set as default device. Then double click on the microphone, go to Levels tab, make sure it is not muted.
Go to Windows Settings > Privacy > Microphone, make sure allow apps access is turned on.
If possible, try the Sound Recorder app, and see if you can run a test recording and play it back. This will help narrow down if it is app specific or system-wide.
If it doesn't work in any app, and above settings have been checked, please type msinfo32.exe in the search on the taskbar and hit enter, then share a screenshot of the pop up please.