A Microsoft app for iOS and Android devices that enables authentication with two-factor verification, phone sign-in, and code generation
This is not an unknown or uncommon problem. You can try these steps. This forces Microsoft to clear the stale backup metadata.
Go to: https://account.microsoft.com/security
Sign in (you can do this without Authenticator if you still have SMS/email recovery).
Under Security info, find Microsoft Authenticator.
Remove it completely.
Wait 5–10 minutes for backend propagation.
Step 2 — Re-add Authenticator
On your phone:
Open Authenticator
Add your Microsoft account again
Try enabling Cloud Backup again
This resolves the issue for most people.