TRY ANOTHER VERIFICATION METHOD

Question

I have been using OneDrive on my iphone for a long time. But recently, I changed my Microsoft password and now I can't log into the OneDrive App or any of my Microsoft 365 tools. When trying to log-in to the Microsoft apps on my phone, I am taken to the "enter your phone number for an authentication code" page, but after I enter my phone number, I am redirected to a page with the message, "Try another verification method" with no additional options. How can I authorize my iphone for my Microsoft apps?