An Azure service that is used to provision Windows and Linux virtual machines.
Your diagnosis is sound. Provider registration, metadata, and template validation establish that ARM recognizes the namespace and schema; they do not prove the resource provider's runtime route is enabled for a subscription and region. The failed collection GET for every advertised API version rules out a template issue.
There is no customer-side action beyond provider registration that can enable a specific RP route or feature flight. Avoid repeatedly re-registering the provider or changing API versions. Ask the Discovery RP/onboarding team to verify East US availability, subscription feature registration, and the backend route for Microsoft.Discovery/supercomputers, using the tracking ID already captured.
After they confirm the feature is enabled, re-run the same deployment. If it is preview-only or not available in that region, use the region and API version provided by the onboarding team rather than relying on global provider metadata.