Numeric values in cells randomly generates "number stored as text" error

Question

I have an excel where there is a column of values in numeric format but should be handled as a string. Example is 23913410.
When this occurs the vlookup function fails and returns #N/A. Attempts to fix this using this various functions can fix the row in error but causes the the vast number of functioning ones to start returning #N/A. I have tried all combinations of error and text handling including: clean, text, valuetotext with ifna, iferror, etc.