Sorry to hear that you are having trouble with this situation. The verification process required to access a Microsoft account cannot be bypassed, and Microsoft Support cannot send a password-reset link or change the account’s security information.
Since the verification code is being sent to a Google account you cannot access, select Try another way if another method is available. Otherwise, you must attempt to recover the Google account through Google’s official recovery process.
The Microsoft purchase-confirmation email and transaction ID can help identify the account used to purchase Minecraft. However, if the game was purchased as a gift, it belongs to the Microsoft account on which the gift code was redeemed.
When completing the Microsoft recovery form, provide as much historical information as possible. If it requests payment-card information, enter details from any card that may previously have been used with that Microsoft account, not necessarily only the card used for the most recent purchase.
Please let me know the result of the Google and Microsoft recovery attempts so I can continue helping you.