Additional SQL Server features and topics not covered by specific categories
You may try following:
Inside SQL Server (Database Access): No action needed. SQL delegates Windows Authentication to AD. Once changed in AD, it works automatically.
SQL Windows Services: Manual update required. Update the password in SQL Server Configuration Manager under the Log On tab of the service properties, then restart the service.
SharePoint: Manual update required in SharePoint. Update managed accounts via SharePoint PowerShell (Set-SPManagedAccount) or Central Admin-changing it only in AD breaks SharePoint's database connections.
To check which accounts your SQL services use, run in PowerShell:
PowerShell
Get-CimInstance Win32_Service | Where-Object { $_.Name -like "*SQL*" } | Select-Object Name, StartName