Managing personal Outlook.com account settings, security, and privacy
Hello Hhh Nnn,
Are you asking about a personal Outlook.com account, or a Microsoft 365 work/school account? That distinction matters for the question about availability in Iran.
For the new-device question, Microsoft says signing in from a new device or location may trigger additional identity verification. If you no longer have the old phone, you may still be able to sign in if another verification method is already available on the account, such as an alternate email address or Microsoft Authenticator.